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ENGLISH
Merck Manual
Professional Version
MEDICAL TOPICS
RESOURCES
DRUG INFO
COMMENTARY
PROCEDURES
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MEDICAL TOPICS
RESOURCES
DRUG INFO
COMMENTARY
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Clinical Pharmacology
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Clinical Pharmacology
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Concepts in Pharmacotherapy
Introduction to Concepts in Pharmacotherapy
Evaluating Drug Efficacy and Safety
Clinical Drug Trials
Efficacy and Effectiveness
Patient-centered outcomes
Intermediate and surrogate outcomes
Efficacy and effectiveness references
Placebos
Placebo effects
Use of placebos in clinical trials
Use of placebos in clinical practice
Placebos and ethical considerations
Placebos references
Drug Safety
Adverse Drug Reactions
References
Classification
Classification reference
Risk Factors
Risk factors references
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Prevention references
Medication Errors
Unclear prescriptions
Inappropriate use of medications
Improper storage of medications
Drug expiration date exceeded
Patient error
Miscommunication among health care professionals
Reference
Factors Affecting Response to Medications
Adherence to a Medication Regimen
Drug Interactions
Minimizing drug interactions
Pharmacogenetics
Tolerance and Resistance
Pharmacodynamics
Overview of Pharmacodynamics
Chemical Interactions
Dose-Response Relationships
Drug–Receptor Interactions
Agonists and antagonists
Pharmacokinetics
Overview of Pharmacokinetics
References
Drug Absorption
Passive diffusion
Facilitated passive diffusion
Active transport
Pinocytosis
Oral Administration
Reference
Parenteral Administration
Controlled-Release Forms
Drug Bioavailability
Causes of low bioavailability
Assessing bioavailability
Drug Distribution to Tissues
Volume of distribution
Binding
Blood-brain barrier
Drug Metabolism
Rate
Cytochrome P-450
Conjugation
References
Drug Excretion
Renal excretion
Excretion reference
Biliary excretion
Plasma Membrane Proteins
References
Nanomedicine
References