Causes of Acute Pericarditis
Cause | Examples |
|---|---|
Systemic rheumatic diseases | |
Bacterial infections | Haemophilus influenzae (in children) Rheumatic fever |
Cancer | Kaposi sarcoma (in people with HIV infection) |
Medications | Anticoagulants Immune checkpoint inhibitors Methysergide Penicillin |
Fungal infections | |
Idiopathic | — |
Inflammatory disorders | |
— | |
Parasitic infections | |
— | |
Postpericardiotomy syndrome | — |
Radiation therapy | — |
Trauma | — |
Uremia | — |
Viral infections | Coxsackie B virus Echovirus HIV† |
* Tuberculous pericarditis accounts for a small percentage of cases of acute or subacute pericarditis in the United States but the majority of cases in some areas of India and Africa. | |
† If patients with HIV infection develop lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, or certain infections (eg, Mycobacterium avium, M. tuberculosis, or Nocardia infections; other fungal or viral infections), pericarditis may follow. | |