Causes of Hypogonadism*
Type | Congenital Causes | Acquired Causes |
|---|---|---|
Primary (testicular) | Anorchia (bilateral) Enzymatic defects in testosterone synthesis Noonan syndrome | Chemotherapy or radiation therapy Testicular infection (eg, mumps, echovirus, flavivirus) |
Secondary (hypothalamic-pituitary) | Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Kallmann syndrome (idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with anosmia) Dandy-Walker malformation Isolated luteinizing hormone deficiency | Any acute systemic illness Hypopituitarism (tumor, infarction, infiltrative disease, infection, trauma, irradiation or pituitary surgery) Iron overload (hemochromatosis) Idiopathic |
Mixed | — | Aging Systemic disease (eg, uremia, liver failure, AIDS, sickle cell disease) |
* In approximate order of frequency. | ||