Some Immunotherapeutic Agents in Clinical Use
Agent | Effects | Some Indications* |
|---|---|---|
Monoclonal antibodies† | ||
Platelet antiglycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor | Prevention of cardiac ischemic complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or in high-risk patients with acute coronary syndrome | |
Anti–TNF-alpha | Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis Non-infectious uveitis Chronic plaque psoriasis | |
Anti–B cell (CD52) | B-cell CLL Relapsing multiple sclerosis | |
Anti-proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 | Lowering of LDL cholesterol, as an adjunct to diet and statins, in adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease | |
Anti–PD-L1 | Transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma Triple-negative breast cancer BRAF V600 mutation positive melanoma Alveolar soft part sarcoma | |
Anti-PD-L1 | ||
Anti–IL-2 receptor | ||
Anti–B-lymphocyte stimulator protein (anti-BLyS) | ||
Anti-IL-5 receptor alpha | Eosinophilic asthma | |
Anti–VEGF-A | Epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer HER2-negative breast cancer Nonsquamous NSCLC | |
Anti-Clostridioides (formerly, Clostridium) difficile toxin B | C. difficile infection | |
Bispecific: Anti-CD19 and anti-CD3c | B-cell precursor ALL | |
Anti-CD30 (linked to the antimitotic agent monomethyl auristatin E) | ALCL or other CD30-expressing T cell lymphomas | |
Anti-IL-17 receptor A | ||
Anti-VEGF-A | Neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration | |
Anti-fibroblast growth factor 23 | X-linked hypophosphatemia | |
Anti–IL-1 beta | Periodic fever syndromes: | |
Anti-von Willebrand factor | Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura | |
Anti-PD-1 | Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma NSCLC | |
Certolizumab (pegylated Fab’ fragment) | Anti–TNF-alpha | Nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis |
Anti-EGFR | ||
Anti-P-selectin | ||
Anti-CD38 | ||
Anti-RANKL | Giant cell tumor of bone Prevention of skeletal-related events (eg, fractures, bone pain) in patients with multiple myeloma or bone metastases from solid tumors To increase bone mass in males receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and in females receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy for breast cancer | |
Anti-GD2 glycolipid | Pediatric neuroblastoma | |
Anti-IL-4 receptor alpha | Atopic asthma Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis | |
Anti-PD-L1 | ||
Anti–complement component C5 | Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome | |
Anti-SLAMF7 | ||
Anti-IFN-gamma | ||
Bispecific anti-factor IXa and anti-factor X | Prevention or reduction of bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia A | |
Anti-Nectin-4 linked to the antimitotic drug monomethyl auristatin E | Urothelial cancer | |
Anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor | Migraine prevention | |
Anti-proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 | Cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with coronary artery disease Lowering of LDL-cholesterol in familial hypercholesterolemia or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease | |
Anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor | Migraine prevention | |
Anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor | Migraine prevention | |
Gemtuzumab | Anti-CD33 ozogamicin conjugate | CD33+ acute myeloid leukemia |
Anti–TNF-alpha | ||
Anti-IL-23 | ||
Anti-CD4 | ||
Anti–CD20 linked to the radioactive agent yttrium 90 | B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma | |
Anti-dabigatran | ||
Anti–TNF-alpha | ||
Inotuzumab | Anti-CD22-ozogamicin conjugate | B-cell precursor ALL |
Anti–CTLA-4 | ||
Anti-CD38 | ||
Anti-IL17A | ||
Anti-plasma kallikrein | ||
Anti-IL-5 | Eosinophilic asthma Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps | |
Anti-CCR4 | ||
Anti-CD22 linked to a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin PE38 | Hairy cell leukemia | |
Anti–alpha-4 integrin subunit | ||
EGFR1 | Squamous NSCLC | |
Anti–PD-1 | Esophageal cancers and gastroesophageal cancers | |
Anti-protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis | Inhalational anthrax (used with antibiotics) | |
Anti-CD20 | Follicular lymphoma | |
Anti-CD20 | ||
Anti‒CD20 | ||
Anti-IgE | ||
Anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F protein | Prevention of serious lower respiratory tract RSV disease | |
Anti-EGFR | ||
Anti–PD-1 | B-cell lymphoma Gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus | |
Anti-HER2 | ||
Polatuzumab | Anti-CD79b | B-cell lymphoma |
Anti–VEGFR-2 | Gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma | |
Anti-VEGF | Neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration Macular edema after retinal vein occlusion Diabetic macular edema Myopic choroidal neovascularization | |
Anti-C5 | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome | |
Anti-protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis | Inhalational anthrax | |
Anti-IL-5 | Eosinophilic asthma | |
Anti-IL-23p19 | ||
Anti–CD20 | CD20+ B-cell lymphomas Leukemias | |
Anti-sclerostin | ||
Anti-IL-6 receptor | ||
Anti–IL-17A | Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis | |
Anti–IL-6 | Multicentric Castleman disease | |
Anti-SARS-Cov-2 conserved spike epitope | ||
Anti-IGF-1 receptor | ||
Anti-IL-23 | ||
Anti–IL-6 receptor | Cytokine release syndrome following CAR T cell treatment | |
Tositumomab | Anti–CD20 linked to radioactive iodine [131I] | CD20+non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
Anti–HER2 | HER2+ breast cancer HER2+ stomach or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma | |
Anti–IL-12 and –IL-23 | ||
Anti–alpha-4 beta-7 integrin | ||
Fusion proteins | ||
Inhibition of T-cell activation | ||
Inhibition of neovascularization and vascular permeability | Neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration | |
Denileukin diftitox (fusion of IL-2 to diphtheria toxin) | Delivery of toxin to CD25 component of IL-2 receptor | CD25+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma |
Decrease in TNF levels | ||
Soluble cytokine receptor | ||
Competitive inhibition of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta activities | Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) Deficiency of IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA) Calcium pyrophosphate arthritis (pseudogout) | |
Cytokines | ||
IFN-alpha | Antiproliferative and antiviral | AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma Hairy cell leukemia |
IFN-beta | Antiproliferative and antiviral | |
IFN-gamma | Immunostimulatory and antiviral | Control of infection in chronic granulomatous disease Malignant osteopetrosis |
IL-2 | Immunostimulatory | |
IL-11 | Thrombopoietic growth factor | |
G-CSF | Stimulation of granulocyte production | Neutropenia |
GM-CSF | Stimulation of granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage production | Neutropenia |
Cellular therapy | ||
CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T-cell | B-cell lymphoma | |
Autologous circulating ICAM-1+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated with prostatic acid phosphatase and GM-CSF | ||
CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T-cell | B-cell precursor ALL B-cell lymphoma | |
* Many immunotherapeutic agents are only approved for use in certain subgroups of patients (eg, based on age, subtype and stage of disease, previous treatment, etc). They are often used in conjunction with other medications. Refer to prescribing information for more details. | ||
† mAbs used for diagnostic testing and radiologic imaging are not included. The Antibody Society maintains a comprehensive list of approved antibody therapeutics and those in regulatory review in the United States and the European Union. | ||
ALCL = anaplastic large cell lymphoma; ALL = acute lymphoblastic leukemia; ANCA = antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; CAR = chimeric antigen receptor; CD = cluster of differentiation; CLL = chronic lymphocytic leukemia; CTLA = cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen; EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor; Fc = crystallizable fragment; G-CSF = granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF = granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HER2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HNSCC = head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; ICAM = intercellular adhesion molecule; IFN = interferon; IL = interleukin; LDL = low density lipoprotein; mAb = monoclonal antibody; MRD = minimal residual disease; NSCLC = non small cell lung cancer; PD-L1 = programmed death–ligand 1; RANKL = receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand; SLAMF7 = signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family member 7; TNF = tumor necrosis factor; VEGF-A = vascular endothelial growth factor A; VEGFR = VEGF receptor. | ||