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MERCK MANUAL
Consumer Version
HEALTH TOPICS
HEALTHY LIVING
SYMPTOMS
EMERGENCIES
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COMMENTARY
ABOUT US
HEALTH TOPICS
HEALTHY LIVING
SYMPTOMS
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Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders
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Sleep Disorders
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Sleep Disorders
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Overview of Sleep
The sleep cycle
Sleep disorders
Essentials for Older Adults
Age-related changes
Disorders in older adults
Medications in older adults
Older adults and napping
Measures to improve sleep in older adults
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Medications
Insomnia and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS)
Causes
Common causes
Less common causes
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Sleep hygiene
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Prescription sleep aids
Over-the-counter sleep aids
Antidepressants
Essentials for Older Adults
Key Points
Narcolepsy
Symptoms
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Cataplexy
Sleep paralysis
Hallucinations
Disturbances in nighttime sleep
Complications
Diagnosis
Treatment
Parasomnias
Night terrors
Nightmares
Sleepwalking (somnambulism)
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Sleep-related leg cramps
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
Symptoms
Symptoms of periodic limb movement disorder
Symptoms of restless legs syndrome
Diagnosis
Treatment
Sleep Disorders in Dementia
Treatment
Snoring
Causes
Sleep-disordered breathing
Complications
Risk factors
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
General measures
Oral appliances
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Surgery
Key Points