Percentiles de presión arterial para chicos (2 - 17 años)

 
Datos
 
Edad  
Estatura  
PA sistólica  
PA diastólica  

 
Resultados
 
 
Percentil altura  
 
Percentil PA sistólica  
Percentil PA diastólica  
 
Umbral para hipertensión arterial en estadio II*

(definida como el percentil 99.º más 5 mmHg)
Umbral PAS  
Umbral PAD  
 

 

 Interpretación del percentil de la PA sistólica

 
Percentil < 90: Presión arterial sistólica normal
Percentil >= 90 y < 95: Presión arterial sistólica prehipertensa
Percentil >= 95: Presión arterial sistólica hipertensa

 

 

 Interpretación del percentil de la PA diastólica

 
Percentil < 90: Presión arterial diastólica normal
Percentil >= 90 y < 95: Presión arterial diastólica prehipertensa
Percentil >= 95: Presión arterial diastólica hipertensa

 
 

 
Notas
  • En esta calculadora, los percentiles de presión arterial de los pacientes se basan en la edad y el percentil de altura.
  • Se define hipertensión en estadio I como una PA sistólica o diastólica entre el percentil 95.º y el 99.º más 5 mmHg.
  • Se define hipertensión en estadio II como una PA sistólica o diastólica superior al percentil 99.º más 5 mmHg.
  • Los niños y adolescentes cuya PA exceda los 120/80 mmHg también se consideran prehipertensos.
  • En los extremos (percentil >97.º o percentil <3.º), las diferencias pequeñas en los percentiles representan diferencias clínicamente importantes. En estos extremos, el puntaje Z es un reflejo más preciso de cuán lejos se desvía la medición de la media y es una herramienta útil para hacer un seguimiento de los cambios.
  • Los datos de LMS que usa esta calculadora se muestran en la tabla de datos a continuación.
  • Para todas las tablas de LMS, la fila en la tabla correspondiente al valor específico del paciente se encuentra en la primera columna de la tabla; se recuperan los valores a utilizar para L (la potencia de Box-Cox), M (la mediana) y S (el coeficiente de variación generalizado) en la ecuación del puntaje Z.
  • Los puntajes Z se pueden usar para hacer una búsqueda de la tabla para el percentil correspondiente en los percentiles de la tabla normal para la tabla de puntaje Z (más abajo). Los números en el lado izquierdo (eje Y) de la tabla representan el primer número y el primer número decimal del puntaje Z, mientras que los números en la parte superior (eje X) de la tabla representan el segundo decimal del puntaje Z.

 
Ecuaciones utilizadas
 
Edadmeses = Edad * 12
EstaturaZ = ((Estatura/M)L - 1) / (L * S)
Percentilaltura = Zparapercentil(EstaturaZ)
FactorEdad = Edad - 10
PAsistólicapromedio = 102.19768 + (1.82416 * FactorEdad) + (0.12776 * FactorEdad2) + (0.00249 * FactorEdad3) - (0.00135 * FactorEdad4) + (2.73157 * EstaturaZ) - (0.19618 * EstaturaZ2) - (0.04659 * EstaturaZ3) + (0.00947 * EstaturaZ4)
PAdiastólicapromedio = 61.01217 + (0.68314 * FactorEdad) - (0.09835 * FactorEdad2) + (0.01711 * FactorEdad3) + (0.00045 * FactorEdad4) + (1.46993 * EstaturaZ) - (0.07849 * EstaturaZ2) - (0.03144 * EstaturaZ3) + (0.00967 * EstaturaZ4)
PAsistólicaZ = (PAsistólica - PAsistólicapromedio) / 10.7128
PAdiastólicaZ = (PAdiastólica - PAdiastólicapromedio) / 11.6032
PercentilPAsistólica = Zparapercentil(PAsistólicaZ)
PercentilPAdiastólica = Zparapercentil(PAdiastólicaZ)
UmbralPAS = (2.326348 * 10.7128) + PAsistólicapromedio + 5
UmbralPAD = (2.326348 * 11.6032) + PAdiastólicapromedio + 5

 

 
Referencias
  1. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004 Aug;114(2 Suppl 4th Report):555-76. PubMed ID: 15286277 PubMed Logo
  2. LMS Parameters for Boys: Height for Age. National health and nutrition survey (NHANES), CDC/National Center for Health Statistics.

 

 LMS Parameters for Boys: Height for Age

 
Age [months] Power [L] Median [M] Variation [S]
24.5 1.00720807 86.86160934 0.040395626
25.5 0.837251351 87.65247282 0.040577525
26.5 0.681492975 88.42326434 0.040723122
27.5 0.538779654 89.17549228 0.040833194
28.5 0.407697153 89.91040853 0.040909059
29.5 0.286762453 90.62907762 0.040952433
30.5 0.174489485 91.33242379 0.04096533
31.5 0.069444521 92.02127167 0.040949976
32.5 -0.029720564 92.69637946 0.040908737
33.5 -0.124251789 93.35846546 0.040844062
34.5 -0.215288396 94.00822923 0.040758431
35.5 -0.30385434 94.64636981 0.040654312
36.5 -0.390918369 95.27359106 0.04053412
37.5 -0.254801167 95.91474929 0.040572876
38.5 -0.125654535 96.54734328 0.04061691
39.5 -0.00316735 97.17191309 0.040666414
40.5 0.11291221 97.78897727 0.040721467
41.5 0.222754969 98.3990283 0.040782045
42.5 0.326530126 99.00254338 0.040848042
43.5 0.42436156 99.599977 0.040919281
44.5 0.516353108 100.191764 0.040995524
45.5 0.602595306 100.7783198 0.041076485
46.5 0.683170764 101.3600411 0.041161838
47.5 0.758158406 101.9373058 0.041251224
48.5 0.827636736 102.5104735 0.041344257
49.5 0.891686306 103.0798852 0.041440534
50.5 0.95039153 103.645864 0.041539635
51.5 1.003830006 104.208713 0.041641136
52.5 1.05213569 104.7687256 0.041744602
53.5 1.0953669 105.3261638 0.041849607
54.5 1.133652119 105.8812823 0.041955723
55.5 1.167104213 106.4343146 0.042062532
56.5 1.195845353 106.9854769 0.042169628
57.5 1.220004233 107.534968 0.042276619
58.5 1.239715856 108.0829695 0.042383129
59.5 1.255121285 108.6296457 0.042488804
60.5 1.266367398 109.1751441 0.042593311
61.5 1.273606657 109.7195954 0.042696342
62.5 1.276996893 110.2631136 0.042797615
63.5 1.276701119 110.8057967 0.042896877
64.5 1.272887366 111.3477265 0.042993904
65.5 1.265728536 111.8889694 0.043088503
66.5 1.255402281 112.4295761 0.043180513
67.5 1.242090871 112.9695827 0.043269806
68.5 1.225981067 113.5090108 0.043356287
69.5 1.207263978 114.0478678 0.043439893
70.5 1.186140222 114.5861486 0.043520597
71.5 1.162796198 115.1238315 0.043598407
72.5 1.137442868 115.6608862 0.043673359
73.5 1.110286487 116.1972691 0.043745523
74.5 1.081536236 116.732925 0.043815003
75.5 1.05140374 117.2677879 0.043881929
76.5 1.020102497 117.8017819 0.043946461
77.5 0.987847213 118.3348215 0.044008785
78.5 0.954853043 118.8668123 0.044069112
79.5 0.921334742 119.397652 0.044127675
80.5 0.887505723 119.9272309 0.044184725
81.5 0.85357703 120.455433 0.044240532
82.5 0.819756239 120.9821362 0.044295379
83.5 0.786246296 121.5072136 0.044349559
84.5 0.753244292 122.0305342 0.044403374
85.5 0.720940222 122.5519634 0.04445713
86.5 0.689515708 123.0713645 0.044511135
87.5 0.659142731 123.588599 0.044565693
88.5 0.629997853 124.1035312 0.044621104
89.5 0.602203984 124.6160161 0.044677662
90.5 0.575908038 125.1259182 0.044735646
91.5 0.55123134 125.6331012 0.044795322
92.5 0.528279901 126.1374319 0.044856941
93.5 0.507143576 126.6387804 0.04492073
94.5 0.487895344 127.1370217 0.044986899
95.5 0.470590753 127.6320362 0.045055632
96.5 0.455267507 128.1237104 0.045127088
97.5 0.441945241 128.6119383 0.045201399
98.5 0.430625458 129.096622 0.045278671
99.5 0.421291648 129.5776723 0.045358979
100.5 0.413909588 130.0550101 0.045442372
101.5 0.408427813 130.5285669 0.045528869
102.5 0.404778262 130.9982857 0.045618459
103.5 0.402877077 131.4641218 0.045711105
104.5 0.402625561 131.9260439 0.045806742
105.5 0.40391127 132.3840348 0.045905281
106.5 0.406609232 132.838092 0.046006604
107.5 0.410583274 133.2882291 0.046110573
108.5 0.415687443 133.7344759 0.046217028
109.5 0.421767514 134.1768801 0.04632579
110.5 0.428662551 134.6155076 0.046436662
111.5 0.436206531 135.0504433 0.04654943
112.5 0.44423 135.4817925 0.046663871
113.5 0.45256176 135.9096813 0.046779748
114.5 0.461030578 136.3342577 0.046896817
115.5 0.469466904 136.7556923 0.047014827
116.5 0.477704608 137.1741794 0.047133525
117.5 0.48558272 137.5899378 0.047252654
118.5 0.492947182 138.0032114 0.047371961
119.5 0.499652617 138.4142703 0.047491194
120.5 0.505564115 138.8234114 0.047610108
121.5 0.510559047 139.2309592 0.047728463
122.5 0.514528903 139.6372663 0.04784603
123.5 0.517381177 140.042714 0.047962592
124.5 0.519041285 140.4477127 0.048077942
125.5 0.519454524 140.8527022 0.048191889
126.5 0.518588072 141.2581515 0.048304259
127.5 0.516433004 141.6645592 0.048414893
128.5 0.513006312 142.072452 0.048523648
129.5 0.508352901 142.4823852 0.048630402
130.5 0.502547502 142.8949403 0.04873505
131.5 0.495696454 143.3107241 0.048837504
132.5 0.487939275 143.7303663 0.048937694
133.5 0.479449924 144.1545167 0.049035564
134.5 0.470437652 144.5838414 0.049131073
135.5 0.461147305 145.0190192 0.049224189
136.5 0.451858946 145.4607359 0.049314887
137.5 0.442886661 145.9096784 0.049403145
138.5 0.434576385 146.3665278 0.049488934
139.5 0.427302633 146.8319513 0.049572216
140.5 0.421464027 147.3065929 0.049652935
141.5 0.417477538 147.7910635 0.049731004
142.5 0.415771438 148.2859294 0.0498063
143.5 0.416777012 148.7917006 0.04987865
144.5 0.420919142 149.3088178 0.049947823
145.5 0.428606007 149.8376391 0.050013518
146.5 0.440218167 150.3784267 0.050075353
147.5 0.456097443 150.9313331 0.050132858
148.5 0.476536014 151.4963887 0.050185471
149.5 0.501766234 152.0734897 0.050232532
150.5 0.531951655 152.6623878 0.050273285
151.5 0.567179725 153.2626819 0.050306885
152.5 0.607456565 153.8738124 0.050332406
153.5 0.652704121 154.495058 0.05034886
154.5 0.702759868 155.1255365 0.050355216
155.5 0.757379106 155.7642086 0.050350423
156.5 0.816239713 156.4098858 0.050333444
157.5 0.878947416 157.0612415 0.050303283
158.5 0.945053486 157.7168289 0.050259018
159.5 1.014046108 158.3750929 0.050199837
160.5 1.085383319 159.034399 0.050125062
161.5 1.158487278 159.6930501 0.05003418
162.5 1.232768816 160.3493168 0.049926861
163.5 1.307628899 161.0014586 0.049802977
164.5 1.382473225 161.6477515 0.04966261
165.5 1.456720479 162.2865119 0.049506051
166.5 1.529810247 162.9161202 0.049333801
167.5 1.601219573 163.535045 0.049146553
168.5 1.670433444 164.1418486 0.04894519
169.5 1.736995571 164.7352199 0.048730749
170.5 1.800483802 165.3139755 0.048504404
171.5 1.860518777 165.8770715 0.048267442
172.5 1.916765525 166.4236087 0.04802123
173.5 1.968934444 166.9528354 0.047767192
174.5 2.016781776 167.4641466 0.047506783
175.5 2.060109658 167.9570814 0.047241456
176.5 2.098765817 168.4313175 0.04697265
177.5 2.132642948 168.8866644 0.046701759
178.5 2.16167779 169.3230548 0.046430122
179.5 2.185849904 169.7405351 0.046159004
180.5 2.205180153 170.139255 0.045889585
181.5 2.219728869 170.5194567 0.045622955
182.5 2.2295937 170.881464 0.045360101
183.5 2.234907144 171.2256717 0.045101913
184.5 2.235833767 171.5525345 0.044849174
185.5 2.232567138 171.8625576 0.044602566
186.5 2.2253265 172.1562865 0.044362674
187.5 2.214353232 172.4342983 0.044129985
188.5 2.199905902 172.6971935 0.043904897
189.5 2.182262864 172.9455898 0.043687723
190.5 2.161704969 173.180112 0.043478698
191.5 2.138524662 173.4013896 0.043277987
192.5 2.113023423 173.6100518 0.043085685
193.5 2.085490286 173.8067179 0.042901835
194.5 2.0562195 173.9919998 0.042726424
195.5 2.025496648 174.1664951 0.042559396
196.5 1.993598182 174.3307855 0.042400652
197.5 1.960789092 174.4854344 0.042250063
198.5 1.927320937 174.6309856 0.042107465
199.5 1.89343024 174.7679617 0.041972676
200.5 1.859337259 174.8968634 0.041845488
201.5 1.825245107 175.0181691 0.041725679
202.5 1.791339209 175.1323345 0.041613015
203.5 1.757787065 175.2397926 0.041507249
204.5 1.724738292 175.340954 0.041408129
205.5 1.692324905 175.4362071 0.041315398
206.5 1.660661815 175.5259191 0.041228796
207.5 1.629847495 175.6104358 0.04114806
208.5 1.599964788 175.690083 0.041072931
209.5 1.571081817 175.7651671 0.04100315
210.5 1.543252982 175.8359757 0.040938463
211.5 1.516519998 175.9027788 0.040878617
212.5 1.490912963 175.9658293 0.040823368
213.5 1.466451429 176.0253641 0.040772475
214.5 1.44314546 176.081605 0.040725706
215.5 1.420996665 176.1347593 0.040682834
216.5 1.399999187 176.1850208 0.04064364
217.5 1.380140651 176.2325707 0.040607913
218.5 1.361403047 176.2775781 0.040575448
219.5 1.343763564 176.3202008 0.040546051
220.5 1.327195355 176.3605864 0.040519532
221.5 1.311668242 176.3988725 0.040495713
222.5 1.297149359 176.4351874 0.040474421
223.5 1.283603728 176.469651 0.040455493
224.5 1.270994782 176.5023751 0.040438773
225.5 1.25928483 176.533464 0.040424111
226.5 1.248435461 176.5630153 0.040411366
227.5 1.23840791 176.5911197 0.040400405
228.5 1.229163362 176.6178621 0.040391101
229.5 1.220663228 176.6433219 0.040383334
230.5 1.212869374 176.6675729 0.04037699
231.5 1.20574431 176.6906844 0.040371962
232.5 1.199251356 176.712721 0.040368149
233.5 1.19335477 176.733743 0.040365456
234.5 1.188019859 176.753807 0.040363795
235.5 1.183213059 176.7729657 0.04036308
236.5 1.178901998 176.7912687 0.040363233
237.5 1.175055543 176.8087622 0.040364179
238.5 1.171643828 176.8254895 0.04036585
239.5 1.16863827 176.8414914 0.04036818

 

 Z-score to percentile table

 
Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-3.0 0.13% 0.13% 0.13% 0.12% 0.12% 0.11% 0.11% 0.11% 0.10% 0.10%
-2.9 0.19% 0.18% 0.18% 0.17% 0.16% 0.16% 0.15% 0.15% 0.14% 0.14%
-2.8 0.26% 0.25% 0.24% 0.23% 0.23% 0.22% 0.21% 0.21% 0.20% 0.19%
-2.7 0.35% 0.34% 0.33% 0.32% 0.31% 0.30% 0.29% 0.28% 0.27% 0.26%
-2.6 0.47% 0.45% 0.44% 0.43% 0.41% 0.40% 0.39% 0.38% 0.37% 0.36%
-2.5 0.62% 0.60% 0.59% 0.57% 0.55% 0.54% 0.52% 0.51% 0.49% 0.48%
-2.4 0.82% 0.80% 0.78% 0.75% 0.73% 0.71% 0.70% 0.68% 0.66% 0.64%
-2.3 1.07% 1.04% 1.02% 0.99% 0.96% 0.94% 0.91% 0.89% 0.87% 0.84%
-2.2 1.39% 1.36% 1.32% 1.29% 1.26% 1.22% 1.19% 1.16% 1.13% 1.10%
-2.1 1.79% 1.74% 1.70% 1.66% 1.62% 1.58% 1.54% 1.50% 1.46% 1.43%
-2.0 2.28% 2.22% 2.17% 2.12% 2.07% 2.02% 1.97% 1.92% 1.88% 1.83%
-1.9 2.87% 2.81% 2.74% 2.68% 2.62% 2.56% 2.50% 2.44% 2.39% 2.33%
-1.8 3.59% 3.52% 3.44% 3.36% 3.29% 3.22% 3.14% 3.07% 3.01% 2.94%
-1.7 4.46% 4.36% 4.27% 4.18% 4.09% 4.01% 3.92% 3.84% 3.75% 3.67%
-1.6 5.48% 5.37% 5.26% 5.16% 5.05% 4.95% 4.85% 4.75% 4.65% 4.55%
-1.5 6.68% 6.55% 6.43% 6.30% 6.18% 6.06% 5.94% 5.82% 5.71% 5.59%
-1.4 8.08% 7.93% 7.78% 7.64% 7.49% 7.35% 7.22% 7.08% 6.94% 6.81%
-1.3 9.68% 9.51% 9.34% 9.18% 9.01% 8.85% 8.69% 8.53% 8.38% 8.23%
-1.2 11.51% 11.31% 11.12% 10.94% 10.75% 10.57% 10.38% 10.20% 10.03% 9.85%
-1.1 13.57% 13.35% 13.14% 12.92% 12.71% 12.51% 12.30% 12.10% 11.90% 11.70%
-1.0 15.87% 15.63% 15.39% 15.15% 14.92% 14.69% 14.46% 14.23% 14.01% 13.79%
-0.9 18.41% 18.14% 17.88% 17.62% 17.36% 17.11% 16.85% 16.60% 16.35% 16.11%
-0.8 21.19% 20.90% 20.61% 20.33% 20.05% 19.77% 19.49% 19.22% 18.94% 18.67%
-0.7 24.20% 23.89% 23.58% 23.27% 22.97% 22.66% 22.36% 22.07% 21.77% 21.48%
-0.6 27.43% 27.09% 26.76% 26.44% 26.11% 25.79% 25.46% 25.14% 24.83% 24.51%
-0.5 30.85% 30.50% 30.15% 29.81% 29.46% 29.12% 28.77% 28.43% 28.10% 27.76%
-0.4 34.46% 34.09% 33.72% 33.36% 33.00% 32.64% 32.28% 31.92% 31.56% 31.21%
-0.3 38.21% 37.83% 37.45% 37.07% 36.69% 36.32% 35.94% 35.57% 35.20% 34.83%
-0.2 42.07% 41.68% 41.29% 40.91% 40.52% 40.13% 39.74% 39.36% 38.97% 38.59%
-0.1 46.02% 45.62% 45.22% 44.83% 44.43% 44.04% 43.64% 43.25% 42.86% 42.47%
0.0 50.00% 50.40% 50.80% 51.20% 51.60% 51.99% 52.39% 52.79% 53.19% 53.59%
0.1 53.98% 54.38% 54.78% 55.17% 55.57% 55.96% 56.36% 56.75% 57.14% 57.54%
0.2 57.93% 58.32% 58.71% 59.10% 59.48% 59.87% 60.26% 60.64% 61.03% 61.41%
0.3 61.79% 62.17% 62.55% 62.93% 63.31% 63.68% 64.06% 64.43% 64.80% 65.17%
0.4 65.54% 65.91% 66.28% 66.64% 67.00% 67.36% 67.72% 68.08% 68.44% 68.79%
0.5 69.15% 69.50% 69.85% 70.19% 70.54% 70.88% 71.23% 71.57% 71.90% 72.24%
0.6 72.58% 72.91% 73.24% 73.57% 73.89% 74.22% 74.54% 74.86% 75.18% 75.49%
0.7 75.80% 76.12% 76.42% 76.73% 77.04% 77.34% 77.64% 77.94% 78.23% 78.52%
0.8 78.81% 79.10% 79.39% 79.67% 79.96% 80.23% 80.51% 80.79% 81.06% 81.33%
0.9 81.59% 81.86% 82.12% 82.38% 82.64% 82.89% 83.15% 83.40% 83.65% 83.89%
1.0 84.13% 84.38% 84.61% 84.85% 85.08% 85.31% 85.54% 85.77% 85.99% 86.21%
1.1 86.43% 86.65% 86.86% 87.08% 87.29% 87.49% 87.70% 87.90% 88.10% 88.30%
1.2 88.49% 88.69% 88.88% 89.07% 89.25% 89.44% 89.62% 89.80% 89.97% 90.15%
1.3 90.32% 90.49% 90.66% 90.82% 90.99% 91.15% 91.31% 91.47% 91.62% 91.77%
1.4 91.92% 92.07% 92.22% 92.36% 92.51% 92.65% 92.79% 92.92% 93.06% 93.19%
1.5 93.32% 93.45% 93.57% 93.70% 93.82% 93.94% 94.06% 94.18% 94.30% 94.41%
1.6 94.52% 94.63% 94.74% 94.85% 94.95% 95.05% 95.15% 95.25% 95.35% 95.45%
1.7 95.54% 95.64% 95.73% 95.82% 95.91% 95.99% 96.08% 96.16% 96.25% 96.33%
1.8 96.41% 96.49% 96.56% 96.64% 96.71% 96.78% 96.86% 96.93% 97.00% 97.06%
1.9 97.13% 97.19% 97.26% 97.32% 97.38% 97.44% 97.50% 97.56% 97.62% 97.67%
2.0 97.73% 97.78% 97.83% 97.88% 97.93% 97.98% 98.03% 98.08% 98.12% 98.17%
2.1 98.21% 98.26% 98.30% 98.34% 98.38% 98.42% 98.46% 98.50% 98.54% 98.57%
2.2 98.61% 98.65% 98.68% 98.71% 98.75% 98.78% 98.81% 98.84% 98.87% 98.90%
2.3 98.93% 98.96% 98.98% 99.01% 99.04% 99.06% 99.09% 99.11% 99.13% 99.16%
2.4 99.18% 99.20% 99.22% 99.25% 99.27% 99.29% 99.31% 99.32% 99.34% 99.36%
2.5 99.38% 99.40% 99.41% 99.43% 99.45% 99.46% 99.48% 99.49% 99.51% 99.52%
2.6 99.53% 99.55% 99.56% 99.57% 99.59% 99.60% 99.61% 99.62% 99.63% 99.64%
2.7 99.65% 99.66% 99.67% 99.68% 99.69% 99.70% 99.71% 99.72% 99.73% 99.74%
2.8 99.74% 99.75% 99.76% 99.77% 99.77% 99.78% 99.79% 99.80% 99.80% 99.81%
2.9 99.81% 99.82% 99.83% 99.83% 99.84% 99.84% 99.85% 99.85% 99.86% 99.86%
3.0 99.87% 99.87% 99.87% 99.88% 99.88% 99.89% 99.89% 99.89% 99.90% 99.90%

 

 
 

 
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