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Medication	Selected Adverse Effects	Comments
Nondihydropyridines
Diltiazem, sustained-release	Headache, dizziness, asthenia, flushing, peripheral edema, bradycardia; possibly liver dysfunction Possible gingival hyperplasia with chronic use	Contraindicated in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction due to negative inotropic effects, in sinus node dysfunction, or in greater than 1st-degree atrioventricular block
Diltiazem, extended-release
Verapamil	Headache, dizziness, asthenia, flushing, peripheral edema, bradycardia; possibly liver dysfunction Constipation Possible gingival hyperplasia with chronic use	Contraindicated in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction due to negative inotropic effects, in sinus node dysfunction, or in greater than 1st-degree atrioventricular block
Verapamil, sustained-release
Dihydropyridines
Amlodipine	Dizziness, flushing, headache, weakness, nausea, heartburn, peripheral edema, tachycardia Possible gingival hyperplasia with chronic use	Contraindicated in heart failure, possibly except for amlodipine Use of short-acting nifedipine possibly associated with higher rate of myocardial infarction
Felodipine
Isradipine
Nicardipine
Nicardipine, sustained-release
Nifedipine, extended-release
Nisoldipine