Lactose is a type of sugar that's in milk and dairy products.
Lactase is an enzyme in your small intestines that digests lactose so your body can absorb it.
What is lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance means you can't tolerate eating lactose because you can't digest it. The inability to digest lactose happens when your small intestine doesn't make enough of the enzyme lactase, which digests lactose.
Lactose intolerance is very common
Drinking milk or eating dairy products can cause symptoms
Symptoms include stomach bloating and cramps, diarrhea, passing gas, and feeling sick to your stomach
Treatment includes avoiding dairy products or taking a lactase pill
Being allergic to cow's milk is not the same thing as being lactose intolerant. People with cow's milk allergy can digest milk properly, but proteins in the cow's milk trigger an allergic reaction.
What causes lactose intolerance?
All infants have lactase in their intestines so they can digest their mother's milk. Nearly everyone makes less lactaselactase intolerance after eating dairy products. However, people whose families come from Northern Europe are an exception. Many people from this area can digest dairy products their whole life.
Lactose intolerance can also start after you have an injury or surgery on your intestines or have another bowel problem.
What are the symptoms of lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance may cause:
Bloating and cramps
Watery diarrhea
Gas
Feeling sick to your stomach
Rumbling or gurgling sounds in the belly area
A sudden need to pass stool 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating a meal with dairy
You usually have to drink at least 8 to 12 ounces (250 to 375 milliliters) of milk to get symptoms. If you get symptoms after only a few sips of milk, it's probably not from lactose intolerance.
How can doctors tell if I have lactose intolerance?
Doctors will have you stop eating or drinking dairy for a while. If your symptoms stop and then return when you eat dairy again, you probably have lactose intolerance.
Other tests are rarely needed unless:
Your symptoms don't go away when you stop eating dairy
Doctors think that you may have another problem along with lactose intolerance
Sometimes, doctors will do a breath test. They have you drink a lactose drink and test the air you breathe out. This can show how well the lactose was digested.
How do doctors treat lactose intolerance?
You should stop eating the foods that cause your symptoms. Yogurt and cheese have less lactose in them and may not cause symptoms. You can get special milk that has less lactose in it.
People who must avoid dairy products may need calcium supplements to prevent calcium deficiency.
