Valerian is a perennial plant that grows wild in grasslands throughout North America, Asia, and Europe. The plant’s dried root contains valepotriates, which may have calming effects. Powderedvalerian root is available in capsule, tablet, and tea form.
(See also Overview of Dietary Supplements.)
Claims for Valerian
People take valerian mostly as a sedative and sleep aid, especially in parts of Europe.
Some people take valerian for headaches, depression, menopausal symptoms, premenstrual syndrome, irregular heartbeat, and trembling. It is usually used for short periods of time (2 to 6 weeks).
Evidence for Valerian
Studies have suggested that valerian improves sleep quality and shortens the time needed to fall asleep. For example, in one study, menopausal women with difficulty sleeping had better sleep quality when takingvalerian. However, whether valerian is effective for insomnia is still not proven.
There is not enough scientific evidence to determine whether valerian is effective for headaches, depression, irregular heartbeat, and trembling. There is now interest in studying valerian to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, and one study suggests that valerian has some effects that counteract obsessive and compulsive tendencies.
Side Effects of Valerian
Studies suggest that it is generally safe to give valerian at the usual doses. People who are driving or doing other activities requiring alertness should not take it.
Side effects of valerian include headache, stomach upset, heart disturbances, and even insomnia in some people. A few people feel drowsy in the morning after taking valerian, especially at higher doses.
Valerian is not recommended for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding or children under the age of 3.
Withdrawal symptoms with long-term use have included tachycardia, irritability, and anxiety.
Liver toxicity has occurred.
Drug Interactions with Valerian
Valerianmay prolong the effect of other sedatives (such as barbiturates), central nervous system depressants (such as benzodiazepines), sedating supplements (such as kava or melatonin), or alcohol when it is taken with them and affect driving or other activities requiring alertness.
Recommendations for Valerian
Evidence on whether valerian is helpful for sleep problems is inconsistent, but due to the limited side effects and possible benefit, it may be worth trying for people looking to enhance their sleep quality. It should be stopped 2 weeks before surgery because of its possible additive sedation when given with anesthetics.
Valerian is generally considered safe for most people. However, pregnant or breastfeeding women and children under the age of 3 should not take valerian.
Valerian should not be taken along with alcohol or sedatives. People who are driving or doing other activities that require alertness should not takevalerian.
More Information
The following English-language resource may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of this resource.
National Institutes of Health's National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Valerian
