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Professional
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Merck Manual
Professional Version
MEDICAL TOPICS
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MEDICAL TOPICS
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Professional
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Injuries; Poisoning
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Cold Injury
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Cold Injury
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Overview of Cold Injury
Prevention
General reference
Frostbite
General reference
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prehospital care
Acute care
Ongoing care
Treatment reference
Key Points
Hypothermia
Etiology
General reference
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Passive rewarming
Active rewarming
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Treatment references
Key Points
Nonfreezing Tissue Injuries
Frostnip
Immersion (trench) foot
Chilblains (pernio)
General reference