Arbovirus, Arenavirus, and Filovirus Diseases
Distinguishing Symptoms | Viral Agent or Disease | Family | Vector | Major Distribution* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Fever, malaise, headaches, myalgias | ||||
None | Colorado tick fever | Spinareoviridae (Coltivirus) | Ticks Dermacentor species | Western US, western Canada |
Phlebotomus fever | Phenuiviridae (Phlebovirus) | Sand flies Phlebotomus species | Mediterranean basin, Balkans, Middle East, Pakistan, India, China, eastern Africa, Panama, Brazil | |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis | Togaviridae (Alphavirus) | Mosquitoes Culex species | Argentina, Brazil, northern South America, Panama, Mexico, Florida | |
Heartland virus | Phenuiviridae (Phlebovirus) | Tick Amblyomma americanum | US | |
Phenuiviridae (Phlebovirus) | Mosquitoes Several species | South Africa, eastern Africa, Egypt, Yemen, Saudi Arabia | ||
Oropouche virus | Peribunyaviridae (Simbu virus) | Biting midge Culicoides paraensis | South and Central America, Caribbean | |
Rash | Dengue fever | Flaviviridae | Mosquitoes Aedes species | Southeast Asia, South Asia, West and East Africa, Oceania, Australia, South and Central America, Mexico, Caribbean, US |
Usutu | Flaviviridae | Mosquitoes | Africa, Europe | |
Flaviviridae | Mosquitoes Aedes species | Central and South America, Mexico, Caribbean, US, Africa, Pacific Islands, Asia | ||
Flaviviridae | Mosquitoes Culex species | Africa, Middle East, southern Europe, Russia, India, Indonesia, US, southern Canada, Mexico, South America, Caribbean Islands. | ||
Arthralgia, rash | Togaviridae (Alphavirus) | Mosquitoes Aedes species | Africa, India, Pakistan, Guam, Southeast Asia, Reunion Island, New Guinea, limited areas of Europe, South and Central America, Mexico, US | |
Bourbon virus | Orthomyxoviridae (Thogotovirus) | Tick Amblyomma americanum | US | |
Togaviridae (Alphavirus) | Mosquitoes Haemagogus species | Brazil, Bolivia, Trinidad, Haiti | ||
Ross River virus | Togaviridae (Alphavirus) | Mosquitoes Aedes species, Culex species | Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Samoa, Cook Islands | |
Barmah Forest virus | Togaviridae (Alphavirus) | Mosquitoes Aedes species, Culex species | Australia | |
Sindbis virus disease (Ockelbo disease, Karelian fever) | Togaviridae (Alphavirus) | Mosquitoes Culex species | Africa, Australia, Asia, former Soviet Union, Europe (including Finland and Sweden), Oceania | |
Hemorrhagic signs§ | Flaviviridae | Mosquitoes Aedes species | Panama, South America, Africa | |
Flaviviridae | Mosquitoes Aedes species | Southeast Asia, South Asia, West and East Africa, Oceania, Caribbean, South and Central America, Mexico, US | ||
Flaviviridae | Ticks Haemaphysalis species | India | ||
Flaviviridae | Ticks Dermacentor species | Russia | ||
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever | Bunyaviridae (Nairovirus) | Ticks Hyalomma species | Africa, southern and eastern Europe, India, Pakistan China, Turkey, Middle East, former Soviet Union | |
Hantaviridae(Hantavirus) | Rodent | Korea, Japan, China, Far Eastern Russia, the Balkans | ||
Seoul virus | Hantaviridae (Hantavirus) | Rodent | Nearly worldwide, including Korea, Japan, the Americas and Europe | |
Puumala virus (nephropathia epidemica) | Hantaviridae (Hantavirus) | Rodent | Scandinavia, Russia, the Balkans | |
Dobrava-Belgrade virus | Hantaviridae (Hantavirus) | Rodent | The Balkans, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Turkey | |
Amur virus | Hantaviridae (Hantavirus) | Rodent | Russia | |
Saaremaa virus | Hantaviridae (Hantavirus) | Rodent | Europe | |
Sangassou virus | Hantaviridae (Hantavirus) | Rodent | Guinea | |
Machupo virus | Arenaviridae | Rodent | Bolivia | |
Junin virus | Arenaviridae | Rodent | Argentina | |
Guanarito virus | Arenaviridae | Rodent | Venezuela | |
Arenaviridae | Rodent Mastomys species | West Africa, including Nigeria | ||
Lujo virus | Arenaviridae | Unknown | Zambia | |
Filoviridae | Human to human Monkey Bat | Zimbabwe, Kenya, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa | ||
Filoviridae | Human to human Monkey Bat | Zaire, Sudan, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Côte d'Ivoire, Uganda | ||
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus | Bunyaviridae | Ticks Haemaphysalis longicornis | China, Korea, Japan | |
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema | Hantavirus: Sin Nombre, Black Creek Canal, Bayou, Isla Vista, Monongahela, Leguna Negra, Maciel, Araraquara, Maripa, Juquitiba, Castel dos Sonhos, Central Plata, Andes, Andes-like viruses Hu39694, Lechiguanas, Oran, Bermejo, Choclo | Hantaviridae (Hantavirus) | Rodents | US, Canada, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Panama |
Fever and central nervous system involvement | ||||
None | Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) | Togaviridae (Alphavirus) | Mosquitoes Culex species, Culiseta melanura | Atlantic and Gulf coasts of US, Caribbean, upper New York, Connecticut, Indiana, Ohio, western Michigan, Wisconsin, southern Canada, Mexico |
Madariaga variant (formerly South American EEE) | Togaviridae (Alphavirus) | Mosquitoes Culex species, Culiseta melanura | Panama, Venezuela, Argentina, Haiti | |
Western equine encephalitis | Togaviridae (Alphavirus) | Mosquito Culex species | US, Canada, Central and South America | |
Flaviviridae | Mosquitoes Culex species | Africa, Middle East, southern Europe, former Soviet Union, Germany, India, Indonesia, US, southern Canada, Mexico, South America, Caribbean Islands | ||
St. Louis encephalitis | Flaviviridae | Mosquitoes Culex species | US, Caribbean, Panama, South America | |
Usutu | Flaviviridae | Mosquitoes | Africa, Europe | |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis | Togaviridae (Alphavirus) | Mosquitoes Culex species | Argentina, Brazil, northern South America, Panama, Mexico, Florida | |
La Crosse encephalitis | Peribunyaviridae | Mosquitoes Aedes species | North Central States, New York, Appalachian states | |
Jamestown Canyon virus | Peribunyaviridae | Mosquitoes Aedes species | US from the Rocky Mountains to the East Coast, southeastern Canada | |
Japanese encephalitis | Flaviviridae | Mosquitoes Culex species | Japan, Korea, China, India, Nepal, Philippines, Southeast Asia, Russia, Australia | |
Flaviviridae | Tick Ixodes species | Eastern Canada, New York, Rhode Island, New England states, Ohio, Wisconsin, Russia | ||
Murray Valley encephalitis | Flaviviridae | Mosquitoes Culex species | Australia, New Guinea | |
Flaviviridae | Ticks Haemaphysalis spinigera | India | ||
Flaviviridae | Ticks Ixodes species Haemaphysalis species | Europe, Balkans, Russia, Kyrgyzstan | ||
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus | Arenaviridae | Rodents | Americas, Europe, Australia, Japan | |
* Changes in climatic conditions can affect the geographic range of arboviruses by extending or contracting the habitats of their vectors. | ||||
† Rift Valley fever also causes hemorrhage, meningoencephalitis, and ocular disorders. | ||||
‡ West Nile virus also causes encephalitis. | ||||
§ The Seoul, Puumala, Dobrava, and Hantaan hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. | ||||