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Diagnosis	Serum Cortisol, 9 AM	Salivary or Serum Cortisol, Midnight	Urinary Free Cortisol	Low-Dose or Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test	High-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test	Desmopressin Stimulation Test	ACTH Level
Normal	N	N	N*	S	S	Flat	N
Cushing disease	N or ↑	↑	↑	NS	S	↑	N or ↑
Ectopic ACTH	N or ↑	↑	↑	NS	NS	Flat or ↑ (rarely)	↑ or ↑↑
Adrenal tumor	N or ↑	↑	↑	NS	NS	Flat	↓
* May be elevated in non-Cushing conditions.
ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone; Flat = no significant rise in ACTH or cortisol; N = normal; NS = nonsuppression; S = suppression; ↑↑= greatly increased; ↑= increased; ↓= decreased.