Some Risk Factors for Major Causes of Bleeding During Late Pregnancy

Cause

Risk Factors

Placental abruption

Hypertension

Age > 35

Multiparity

Cigarette smoking

Previous placental abruption

Physical trauma

Placenta previa

Previous cesarean delivery

Multiparity

Multifetal pregnancy

Previous placenta previa

Age > 35

Cigarette smoking

In vitro fertilization

Vasa previa

Low-lying placenta

Bilobed or succenturiate-lobed placenta

Multifetal pregnancy

In vitro fertilization

Uterine rupture

Previous cesarean delivery

Any prior uterine surgery

Age > 30

History of uterine infection

Induction of labor

Trauma (eg, gunshot wound)

Grand multiparity (delivery of ≥ 5 viable fetuses)

Uterine abnormalities

Multifetal pregnancy

Short interpregnancy interval

Placenta accreta spectrum (including placenta increta, and perceta)