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Some Viruses That Cause Nonspecific Acute Febrile Illness

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Principal Syndromes	Distribution	Specific Therapy*	Specific Prevention†
Colorado tick fever virus (coltivirus)
Colorado tick fever, with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia	Western United States, Canada	None	None
Flaviviruses (some)
Zika	Mosquito-borne; congenital infection in babies infected in utero causing microcephaly; Guillain-Barré syndrome Africa, Asia, Americas, the Pacific Islands	None	Precautions to prevent mosquito bites Precautions to reduce sexual transmission: abstain from sex or use of condoms during times of risk and for duration of pregnancies Screening blood and blood products for the virus
Phleboviruses (some)
Heartland virus (HRTV)	Tick-borne; midwestern and eastern Unites States	None	None
Phlebotomus (sandfly) fever	Mediterranean basin, Balkans, Middle East, Pakistan, India, China, eastern Africa, Panama, Brazil	None	None
Rift Valley fever	Africa, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen	None	Vaccine for livestock Human vaccine under investigation
Orthomyxoviruses
Bourbon virus	Tick-borne; midwestern and southern United States	None	None
Orthobunyaviruses
Oropouche	Mosquito and midge-borne; South America; Central America, The Caribbean	None	Precautions to prevent mosquito and midge bites
* Treatment is usually supportive.
† Nonspecific precautions (eg, avoidance of the means of transmission, routine hygiene measures, use of appropriate personal protective equipment, screening of bone marrow used for transplantation) are also recommended.