Some Viruses That Cause Nonspecific Acute Febrile Illness
Principal Syndromes | Distribution | Specific Therapy* | Specific Prevention† |
|---|---|---|---|
Colorado tick fever virus (coltivirus) | |||
Colorado tick fever, with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia | Western US, Canada | None | None |
Flaviviruses (some) | |||
Mosquito-borne; congenital infection in babies infected in utero causing microcephaly; Guillain-Barré syndrome Africa, Asia, Americas, the Pacific Islands | None | Precautions to prevent mosquito bites Precautions to reduce sexual transmission: abstain from sex or use of condoms during times of risk and for duration of pregnancies Screening blood and blood products for the virus | |
Phleboviruses (some) | |||
Heartland virus (HRTV) | Tick-borne; midwestern and eastern US | None | None |
Phlebotomus (sandfly) fever | Mediterranean basin, Balkans, Middle East, Pakistan, India, China, eastern Africa, Panama, Brazil | None | None |
Africa, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen | None | Vaccine for livestock Human vaccine under investigation | |
Orthomyxoviruses | |||
Bourbon virus | Tick-borne; midwestern and southern US | None | None |
* Treatment is usually supportive. | |||
† Nonspecific precautions (eg, avoidance of the means of transmission, routine hygiene measures, screening of bone marrow used for transplantation) are also recommended. | |||