honeypot link
skip to main content
Professional
Consumer
Consumer edition active
ENGLISH
MERCK MANUAL
Consumer Version
HEALTH TOPICS
HEALTHY LIVING
SYMPTOMS
EMERGENCIES
DRUG INFO
RESOURCES
COMMENTARY
ABOUT US
HEALTH TOPICS
HEALTHY LIVING
SYMPTOMS
EMERGENCIES
DRUG INFO
RESOURCES
COMMENTARY
Home
/
Blood Disorders
/
Blood Disorders
Expand all
Collapse all
Biology of Blood
Overview of Blood
Components of Blood
Plasma
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Formation of Blood Cells
Effects of aging on the blood
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Blood Disorders
Overview of Blood Disorders
Symptoms of Blood Disorders
Medical History and Physical Examination for Blood Disorders
Medical History
Physical Examination
Laboratory Tests for Blood Disorders
Complete blood count
Blood smear
Reticulocyte count
Special tests of blood cells
Clotting tests
Measures of proteins and other substances
Blood typing
Bone Marrow Examination
Anemia
Overview of Anemia
Causes
Anemia caused by excessive bleeding
Anemia due to inadequate red blood cell production
Anemia due to excessive red blood cell destruction
Symptoms
Anemia in older adults
Diagnosis
Treatment
Anemia Due to Excessive Bleeding
Rapid blood loss
Chronic blood loss
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Diagnosis
Treatment
Aplastic Anemia
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Hemoglobin C, S-C, and E Diseases
Hemoglobin C disease
Hemoglobin S-C disease
Hemoglobin E disease
Diagnosis
Treatment
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Sickle Cell Disease
Symptoms
Sickle cell trait
Sickle cell crisis
Complications
Diagnosis
Screening
Treatment
Preventing sickle cell crisis
Controlling anemia
Treating sickle cell crisis
More Information
Thalassemias
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
Vitamin Deficiency Anemia
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Bleeding Due to Abnormal Blood Vessels
Overview of Bleeding Caused by Abnormal Blood Vessels
Protein Disorders Causing Bruising or Bleeding
Amyloidosis
Cryoglobulinemia
Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura
Immunoglobulin A–associated vasculitis
Hyperviscosity syndrome
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Screening
Treatment
More Information
Purpura Simplex
Bleeding Due to Clotting Disorders
Overview of Blood Clotting Disorders
Tests of Blood Clotting
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Hemophilia
Symptoms
Mild hemophilia
Moderate hemophilia
Severe hemophilia
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
More Information
Clotting Disorders Caused by Circulating Anticoagulants
Factor VIII and factor IX inhibitors
Uncommon Inherited Clotting Disorders
Factor XI deficiency
Alpha 2-antiplasmin deficiency
Blood Clotting Process
How Blood Clots
Blood vessel factors
Platelet factors
Blood clotting factors
Stopping clotting
Medications and blood clots
Bruising and Bleeding
Causes
Senile purpura and purpura simplex
Common causes
Less common causes
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Essentials for Older Adults
Key Points
Blood Transfusion
Overview of Blood Transfusion
Blood typing
More Information
Blood Donation Process
Testing Donated Blood for Infections
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Viral hepatitis
Syphilis
More Information
Blood Products
Red blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Clotting factors
Antibodies
White blood cells
Blood substitutes
Special Blood Donation and Transfusion Procedures
Plateletpheresis (platelet donation)
Double red blood cell donation
Autologous transfusion
Hematopoietic stem cell apheresis (stem cell transplantation)
Apheresis
Plasma exchange
Cytapheresis
Red blood cell exchange
Precautions and Adverse Reactions During Blood Transfusion
Fever
Allergic reactions
Fluid overload
Lung injury
Destruction of red blood cells
Graft-versus-host disease
Infections
Complications of massive transfusion
Excessive Clotting
Excessive Clotting
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Iron Overload
Overview of Iron Overload
Hemosiderosis
Secondary Iron Overload
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
Hemochromatosis
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
Leukemias
Overview of Leukemia
Classification of leukemia
Complications of leukemia
Causes
Treatment
More Information
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Chemotherapy for leukemia
Relapse
Prognosis
More Information
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Relapse
Prognosis
More Information
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Drug treatment of CLL
Treatment of CLL symptoms
Prognosis
More Information
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
More Information
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment of complications of myelodysplastic syndrome
Prognosis
More Information
Lymphomas
Overview of Lymphomas
More Information
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Staging
Treatment
Pretreatment strategies
Chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy
Posttreatment strategies
More Information
Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis and Classification
Staging
Treatment
Stage I non-Hodgkin lymphomas: Limited disease
Stage II non-Hodgkin lymphomas: Limited or advanced disease
Stages III to IV non-Hodgkin lymphomas: Advanced disease
Posttreatment strategies
Relapse
More Information
Burkitt Lymphoma
Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas
More Information
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Overview of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Secondary Erythrocytosis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Essential Thrombocythemia
Complications
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
Secondary Thrombocythemia
Polycythemia Vera
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
Myelofibrosis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
More Information
Plasma Cell Disorders
Overview of Plasma Cell Disorders
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)
Multiple Myeloma
Symptoms
Complications
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Macroglobulinemia
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Heavy Chain Diseases
Alpha Heavy Chain Disease
Gamma Heavy Chain Disease
Mu Heavy Chain Disease
Platelet Disorders
Overview of Platelet Disorders
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Overview of Thrombocytopenia
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Platelet Dysfunction
Inherited platelet disorders
Acquired platelet disorders
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Von Willebrand Disease
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Spleen Disorders
Overview of the Spleen
Asplenia
Enlarged Spleen
Hypersplenism
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
White Blood Cell Disorders
Overview of White Blood Cell Disorders
High White Blood Cell Count
Basophilic Disorders
Eosinophilic Disorders
Low number of eosinophils
High number of eosinophils
Hypereosinophilic syndrome
Lymphocytic Leukocytosis
Lymphocytopenia
Types of lymphocytes
Causes
Causes of acute lymphocytopenia
Causes of chronic lymphocytopenia
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Monocyte Disorders
Increased number of monocytes
Low number of monocytes
MonoMAC syndrome
Neutropenia
Severity of neutropenia
Causes
Rapid use or destruction of neutrophils
Reduced production of neutrophils
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Determination of cause
Evaluation for infection
Treatment
Neutrophilic Leukocytosis
Hyperviscosity syndrome
Diagnosis
Treatment
