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Drugs for Hypertensive Emergencies in Children

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Type	Drug*	Some Side Effects
Alpha-beta blocker	Labetalol	May cause an abnormally slow heart rate or wheezing
Calcium channel blocker	Nicardipine	May cause a fast heart rate May raise cyclosporine or tacrolimus levels in the blood of children who take these drugs
Vasodilator	Hydralazine†	Headache, fast heart rate
Vasodilator	Sodium nitroprusside†	May cause cyanide toxicity when used for more than 72 hours, or when used in children with kidney failure May increase pressure in the skull
Beta blocker	Esmolol†	May cause a severely abnormally slow heart rate
* These drugs are given by vein (intravenously).
† This drug is used if labetalol or nicardipine cannot be used or does not work.