Approach to the Critically Ill Patient

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• Introduction to the Approach to the Critically Ill Patient

• Monitoring and Testing the Critical Care Patient
  • Blood Tests
  • Cardiac Monitoring
  • Pulmonary Artery Catheter (PAC) Monitoring
    • Procedure
    • Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (pulmonary artery wedge pressure)
    • Mixed venous oxygenation
    • Cardiac output (CO)
    • Complications
  • Noninvasive Cardiac Output Assessment
    • Point-of-care ultrasonography
    • Esophageal Doppler monitor (EDM)
    • Thoracic bioimpedance
    • Noninvasive cardiac output assessment reference
  • Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Monitoring
  • Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)

• Critical Care Scoring Systems

• Vascular Access
  • Peripheral Vein Catheterization
  • Central Venous Catheterization
    • Complications of central venous catheterization
  • Midline Peripheral Catheterization
  • Arterial Catheterization
    • Complications of arterial catheterization
    • Catheterization reference
  • Intraosseous Infusion

• Oxygen Desaturation
  • Etiology
  • Evaluation
    • History
    • Physical examination
    • Testing
  • Treatment
    • Oxygen therapy
  • Key Points

• Oliguria
  • Etiology
  • Evaluation
    • History
    • Physical examination
    • Testing
  • Treatment
  • Key Points

• Agitation, Confusion, and Neuromuscular Blockade in Critically Ill Patients
  • Etiology
  • Evaluation
    • History
    • Physical examination
    • Testing
  • Treatment
    • Analgesia
    • Sedation
    • Neuromuscular blockade
    • Treatment reference
  • Key Points