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Common Medication Causes of Gynecomastia*

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Category	Medication (or recreational drug)
Antiandrogen medications (inhibit androgen synthesis or activity)	Cyproterone (an antiandrogen used to treat prostate cancer or transgender females; not available in the United States) Dutasteride and finasteride (5 alpha reductase inhibitors)Dutasteride and finasteride (5 alpha reductase inhibitors) Goserelin, histrelin, leuprolide, and triptorelin (GnRH agonists); degarelix, relugolix (GnRH antagonists)Goserelin, histrelin, leuprolide, and triptorelin (GnRH agonists); degarelix, relugolix (GnRH antagonists) Flutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, abiraterone, darolutamide, apalutamide, and nilutamide (oral antiandrogens used to treat Flutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, abiraterone, darolutamide, apalutamide, and nilutamide (oral antiandrogens used to treatprostate cancer)
Antimicrobials	EfavirenzEfavirenz EthionamideEthionamide IsoniazidIsoniazid KetoconazoleKetoconazole MetronidazoleMetronidazole
Antineoplastic medications	Alkylating agents ImatinibImatinib GnRH agonists and antagonists MethotrexateMethotrexate Vinca alkaloids
Antiulcer medications†	CimetidineCimetidine RanitidineRanitidine OmeprazoleOmeprazole
Cardiovascular medications	ACE inhibitors (eg, captopril, enalapril)ACE inhibitors (eg, captopril, enalapril) AmiodaroneAmiodarone Calcium channel blockers (eg, nifedipine, diltiazem)Calcium channel blockers (eg, nifedipine, diltiazem) MethyldopaMethyldopa Reserpine SpironolactoneSpironolactone
CNS-acting medications	DiazepamDiazepam HaloperidolHaloperidol MethadoneMethadone Phenothiazines Tricyclic antidepressants
Hormones	Androgens Anabolic steroids Estrogens Human growth hormone
OTC herbals	Lavender oil Tea tree oils
Recreational drugs	Amphetamines EthanolEthanol Heroin Marijuana
Other medications	AuranofinAuranofin DiethylpropionDiethylpropion Domperidone MetoclopramideMetoclopramide PhenytoinPhenytoin PenicillaminePenicillamine SulindacSulindac TheophyllineTheophylline
* Not all medications that have been associated with gynecomastia have been shown to cause gynecomastia through challenge-rechallenge testing.
† Medications are listed in order of frequency of association.
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; CNS = central nervous system; GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone; LH = luteinizing hormone; OTC = over-the-counter.