Common Specific Antidotes

Toxin

Antidote

N

Anticholinergics

Andexanet alfa

Benzodiazepines

Black widow spider bite

Lactrodectus antivenom

Botulism

Botulinum antitoxin

Beta-blockers

IV lipid emulsion

Calcium channel blockers

Calcium

IV lipid emulsion

Carbamates

Crotaline snake bites (US)

Crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine)

Cyanide

Ethylene glycol

Heavy metals

Chelating drugs (see table Guidelines for Chelation Therapy)

Ionizing radiation

Iron

Methanol

Methemoglobin-forming agents (eg, aniline dyes, some local anesthetics, nitrates, nitrites, phenacetin, sulfonamides)

Opioids

Organophosphates

Scorpion envenomation (Centruroides sp)

Centruroides immune F(ab’)2

Sulfonylurea

Thallium

Prussian blue

Tricyclic antidepressants

L-Carnitine†

Vitamin K

Fresh frozen plasma

* Use is controversial.

Fab = fractionated antibodies.