Macrophage Subtypes
Characteristics | M1 | M2 |
|---|---|---|
Examples of activation agent | Lipopolysaccharide IFN-gamma (a cytokine produced by Th1 cells) | IL-4 and IL-13 (cytokines produced by Th2 cells) |
Examples of cytokines produced | Proinflammatory cytokines (eg, TNF-alpha) | Immunosuppressive cytokines (eg, IL-10, TGF-beta) |
Other functions | Promote Th1 responses Strongly microbicidal | Resolve inflammation Promote tissue remodelling |
IFN = interferon; IL = interleukin; TGF = transforming growth factor; Th1 cells = type 1 helper T cells; Th2 cells = type 2 helper T cells; TNF = tumor necrosis factor. | ||
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