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Oral Medications Used for Incontinence in Children*

Medication

Some Adverse Effects

Voiding dysfunction in diurnal incontinence (bladder overactivity)

OxybutyninOxybutynin

Confusion, dizziness, increased temperature, flushing, constipation, dry mouth

Tolterodine Tolterodine

Constipation, flushing, dry mouth

SolifenacinSolifenacin

Constipation, dry mouth, gastrointestinal effects, blurred vision

DarifenacinDarifenacin

Constipation, dry mouth, gastrointestinal effects, blurred vision

MirabegronMirabegron

Headache, gastrointestinal effects, nasopharyngitis, hypertension

Enuresis

Desmopressin (DDAVP)Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Intranasal DDAVP is no longer recommended because of the risk of dilutional hyponatremia.

ImipramineImipramine

Rarely, death†

Possible nervousness, personality change, disordered sleep, cardiac arrhythmias‡

Should be used only for therapy-resistant cases given risk–benefit profile

* These medications are mostly used as 2nd-line therapy. Treatment of the underlying disorder and behavioral therapy should be used first.

† Sudden death of unclear etiology has been reported. This medication is now rarely used.

‡ ECG should be done to identify prolongation of the QT interval and/or the corrected QT (QTc) interval, which contraindicate use of imipramine.‡ ECG should be done to identify prolongation of the QT interval and/or the corrected QT (QTc) interval, which contraindicate use of imipramine.