Representative Type 1, Type 2, and Mixed-Effect Chemicals With Acute Local Effects on the Respiratory Tract
Type | Example Name and (North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO] code) |
|---|---|
Type 1 (affects large airways) | Acetaldehyde Acrolein Ammonia Formaldehyde Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen fluoride Ozone Riot-control agents (eg, chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile [CS], chloroacetophenone [CN], oleoresin capsicum [OC]) Smoke particles from ordinary combustion or from certain military smokes (eg, titanium tetrachloride, fog oil) Sulfur dioxide Sulfur mustard (H, HD) |
Type 2 (affects terminal and respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs, and alveoli) | Carbon tetrachloride Chloropicrin (PS, also sometimes considered a riot-control agent) Diphosgene (DP) Methyl isocyanate Oxides of nitrogen Perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) Phosgene (CG) Phosgene oxime (CX) |
Mixed effect (both type 1 and type 2) | Chloramines Chlorine (CL) Lewisite (L) |