Some Noninfectious Causes of Meningitis

Type

Examples

Disorders

Behçet syndrome

Metastatic cancer

Sarcoidosis

Sjögren syndrome

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Rupture of an intracranial cysticercal or epidermoid cyst

Medications with anti-inflammatory or immune-modulating effects

Azathioprine

Cyclosporine

Cytosine arabinoside

IV immune globulin

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (most commonly, ibuprofen)

Other medications

Certain antibiotics (eg, ciprofloxacin, isoniazid, penicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole)

Carbamazepine

Phenazopyridine

Ranitidine (unavailable in the United States)

Substances injected into the subarachnoid space

Anesthetics

Antibiotics

Chemotherapeutic agents

Radiopaque contrast agents