Some Respiratory Viruses

Epidemic influenza viruses A, B, and C and avian influenza viruses

Influenza

AFRD

Acute bronchitis and pneumonia

Croup

Global

A and B: Seasonal (winter) epidemics, occasionally pandemic

C: Endemic

A and B:

A and B:Influenza vaccine

Avian H5N1 and avian H7N9: Poultry-associated

Avoiding contact with saliva, mucous, or feces of infected birds

Parainfluenza viruses 1–4

Acute febrile respiratory disease (children)

Acute bronchitis and pneumonia

Croup

1: Local epidemics

1, 2, and 3: Widespread in children

None

Vaccines under investigation

Adenoviruses

Acute febrile respiratory disease (children)

Acute respiratory disease (adults and children)

Acute pharyngoconjunctival fever

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

Viral pneumonia

Acute follicular conjunctivitis

Diarrhea

Hemorrhagic cystitis

Global

Mostly children

None

Vaccine containing types 4 and 7 for epidemics in military populations

Coronaviruses

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)

COVID-19

Local origin becomes widespread

SARS: China; no cases after 2004

MERS: Arabian Peninsula

COVID-19: Global pandemic 2020

SARS:

MERS: None

COVID-19:

COVID-19:Vaccines

MERS: Avoid contact with camels

Orthohantaviruses

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) (eg, due to Sin Nombre hantavirus, Black Creek Canal virus, Bayou virus, or New York virus)

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) (eg, Hantaan, Seoul, and Dobrava viruses)

HPS: North, Central, and South America

HFRS: Global

None for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Rodent control

Respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus

Lower respiratory illness (infants)

Mild upper respiratory illness (adults)

Widespread in children

Rhinoviruses

Common cold

Acute coryza with or without fever

Universal, especially during cold months

None

None