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Symptoms and Signs of Nutritional Deficiency

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Area/System	Symptom or Sign	Deficiency
General appearance	Wasting	Total calories
Skin	Rash	Many vitamins, zinc, essential fatty acids
	Rash in sun-exposed areas	NiacinNiacin (pellagra)
	Easy bruising	Vitamin C or vitamin K
Hair and nails	Thinning or loss of hair	Protein
	Premature whitening of hair	SeleniumSelenium
	Spooning (upcurling) of nails	Iron
Eyes	Impaired night vision	Vitamin AVitamin A
Eyes	Corneal keratomalacia (corneal drying and clouding)	Vitamin AVitamin A
Mouth	Cheilosis and glossitis	RiboflavinRiboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, iron, pyridoxine, iron
Mouth	Bleeding gums	Vitamin C, riboflavinriboflavin
Extremities	Edema	Protein
Nervous system	Paresthesias or numbness in a stocking-glove distribution	Thiamin (beriberi)
	Tetany	Calcium, magnesium
	Cognitive and sensory deficits	Thiamin, niacinniacin, pyridoxine, , pyridoxine,vitamin B12
	Dementia	Thiamin, niacinniacin, vitamin B12
Musculoskeletal system	Wasting of muscle	Protein
	Bone deformities (eg, bowlegs, knocked knees, curved spine)	Vitamin DVitamin D, calcium
	Bone tenderness	Vitamin DVitamin D
	Joint pain or swelling	Vitamin C
Gastrointestinal system	Diarrhea	Protein, niacinniacin, folate, vitamin B12
	Diarrhea and dysgeusia	Zinc
	Dysphagia or odynophagia (due to Plummer-Vinson syndrome)	Iron
Endocrine system	Thyromegaly	Iodine