TNM Definitions for Prostate Cancer*
Feature | Definition* |
|---|---|
TX | Primary tumor not assessable |
T0 | No evidence of primary tumor |
T1 | Not palpable and not seen with imaging test such as transrectal ultrasound |
T2 | The tumor can be felt by digital rectal exam. Limited to prostate |
T2a | Involves ≤ half of lobe |
T2b | Involves > half of 1 lobe, but not both lobes |
T2c | Tumor involves both lobes |
T3 | Extraprostatic extension |
T3a | Extends through the prostatic capsule unilaterally or bilaterally; microscopic invasion of the bladder neck |
T3b | Invades seminal vesicles |
T4 | Is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles |
Regional lymph node metastasis | |
NX | Not assessed |
N0 | None |
N1 | Present |
Distant metastasis | |
M0 | None |
M1 | Present |
M1a | Nonregional lymph nodes |
M1b | Bone(s) |
M1c | Other site(s) with or without bone disease |
* Data adapted from American Cancer Society, Prostate Cancer AJCC/TNM Staging System and National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines), Prostate Cancer. Accessed September 10, 2023. T2-T4 classified by pathologic criteria. There are no pathologic classifications of T1. | |
PSA = prostate-specific antigen; TNM = tumor, node, metastasis. | |