Endocrine Disorders in Children

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• Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents
  • Types
    • Types references
  • Etiology
    • Type 1 diabetes
    • Type 2 diabetes
    • Monogenic diabetes
    • Etiology references
  • Pathophysiology
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
    • Diagnosis of diabetes in children
    • Initial evaluation
    • Evaluation for diabetes type and stage
    • Testing for complications
    • Testing for autoimmune diseases
    • Diagnosis references
  • Treatment
    • Methods for monitoring glycemic control
    • Type 1 diabetes management
    • Type 1 diabetes prevention
    • Type 2 diabetes management
    • Meal plan and exercise
    • Pharmacologic treatment
    • Glycemic control and HbA1C target levels
    • Monogenic diabetes management
    • Screening for complications of diabetes
    • Treatment references
  • Screening
    • Screening reference
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Hyperthyroidism in Infants and Children
  • Etiology
    • Etiology reference
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
    • Diagnosis references
  • Treatment
    • Treatment references
  • Key Points

• Hypothyroidism in Infants and Children
  • Etiology
    • Congenital hypothyroidism
    • Acquired hypothyroidism
    • Etiology references
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
    • Diagnosis references
  • Treatment
    • When to treat
    • Treatment regimens
    • Monitoring
    • Treatment references
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Congenital Goiter
  • Etiology
    • Dyshormonogenesis
    • Transplacental passage of maternal antibodies
    • Transplacental passage of goitrogens
    • Etiology references
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

• Precocious Puberty
  • General reference
  • Classification
  • Etiology
    • GnRH-dependent precocious puberty
    • GnRH-independent precocious puberty
    • Etiology reference
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
    • Diagnosis references
  • Treatment
    • GnRH-dependent precocious puberty
    • GnRH-independent precocious puberty
    • Treatment references
  • Key Points

• Delayed Puberty
  • General reference
  • Symptoms and Signs
    • Manifestations of possible causes of delayed puberty
  • Diagnosis
    • Criteria for delayed puberty
    • Hormonal testing
    • Imaging studies
    • Genetic testing
    • Diagnosis references
  • Treatment
  • Key Points

• Male Hypogonadism in Children
  • Classification
    • Primary hypogonadism
    • Secondary hypogonadism
    • Classification references
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
    • Diagnosis references
  • Treatment
  • Key Points

• Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children
  • Etiology
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
    • Provocative testing
    • Provocative testing references
  • Treatment
    • Treatment reference
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Overview of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Caused by 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
  • Classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency
  • Nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency
  • General references
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
    • Diagnosis reference
  • Treatment
    • Treatment reference
  • Key Points

• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Caused by 11Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency
  • General references
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Key Points