Problems in the Neonate That May Require Resuscitation at Birth
Problem | Possible Causes |
|---|---|
Respiratory distress/respiratory failure | |
Airway obstruction | Blood Mucus Anatomical abnormalities of the airway (eg, agenesis, atresia, stenosis) |
Antepartum disorders | Maternal toxemia Placental insufficiency Maternal renovascular hypertension Smoking (maternal) Uterine tetany |
Central nervous system abnormalities | |
Drugs that cause respiratory depression | Analgesics or hypnotics Anesthetics Magnesium sulfate Opioids, maternal substance use |
Intrapartum disorders causing asphyxia | Cord compression Maternal and/or fetal blood loss Maternal hypotension Maternal hypoxemia Placental insufficiency |
Lung or chest disorder | Pulmonary hypoplasia |
Surfactant deficiency | |
Cardiovascular compromise | |
Ductal-dependent lesions causing hypoxia due to decreased pulmonary blood flow Mixing lesions | |
Hypotension | Hypovolemia due to fetal or placental bleeding Infection |