Risk Factors and Indications for Neonatal Resuscitation

Type of Factor

Risk Factor or Indication

Neonatal respiratory distress/respiratory failure

Airway obstruction

Obstruction of the neonatal airway with blood, meconium , or mucus

Anatomical anomalies of the airway (eg, agenesis, atresia, stenosis)

Central nervous system abnormalities

Congenital anomalies of the brainstem

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Spinal cord injury

Lung or chest disorder

Diaphragmatic hernia

Pneumothorax

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Pneumonia (congenital)

Surfactant deficiency

Prematurity

Infant of mother with diabetes

Neonatal cardiovascular compromise

Congenital heart disease

Ductal-dependent lesions causing hypoxia due to decreased pulmonary blood flow

Mixing lesions causing hypoxia due to oxygenated blood mixing with deoxygenated blood (eg, truncus arteriosus)

Hypotension

Hypovolemia due to fetal or placental bleeding

Neonatal sepsis

Maternal factors

Antepartum disorders

Chronic or gestational diabetes

Obesity

Smoking

Preeclampsia or eclampsia

Preterm delivery

Chronic hypertension

Oligohydramnios

Placental disorders

Placental insufficiency

Placenta previa

Placental abruption

Intrapartum disorders causing asphyxia

Breech presentation

Cord compression

Cord prolapse

Shoulder dystocia

Uterine tetany

Maternal and/or fetal hemorrhage

Maternal hypotension

Maternal hypoxemia

Medications that cause fetal respiratory depression

Analgesics or hypnotics

Anesthetics

Magnesium sulfate

Opioids

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