Some Causes of Acute Pancreatitis
Cause | Examples |
|---|---|
Medications | ACE inhibitors, asparaginase, sulfa medications, valproate |
Infectious | Coxsackievirus B, cytomegalovirus, mumps, hepatitis A, hepatitis E |
Inherited | Multiple known gene mutations, including a small percentage of patients with cystic fibrosis |
Mechanical/structural | Gallstones, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), trauma, pancreatic cancer or periampullary cancer, choledochal cyst, sphincter of Oddi stenosis, pancreas divisum |
Metabolic | Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcemia (including hyperparathyroidism), estrogen use associated with high lipid levels |
Toxins | Alcohol, methanol |
Other | Cigarette smoking, pregnancy, postrenal transplant, ischemia caused by hypotension or atheroembolism, tropical pancreatitis |