- Overview of Vitamins
- Biotin and Pantothenic Acid
- Folate Deficiency
- Niacin Deficiency
- Niacin Toxicity
- Riboflavin Deficiency
- Thiamin Deficiency
- Vitamin A Deficiency
- Vitamin A Toxicity
- Vitamin B6 Deficiency and Dependency
- Vitamin B6 Toxicity
- Vitamin B12 Deficiency
- Vitamin C Deficiency
- Vitamin C Toxicity
- Vitamin D Deficiency and Dependency
- Vitamin D Toxicity
- Vitamin E Deficiency
- Vitamin E Toxicity
- Vitamin K Deficiency
- Vitamin K Toxicity
Biotin acts as a coenzyme for carboxylation reactions essential to fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Adequate intake for adults is 30 mcg/day. Biotin acts as a coenzyme for carboxylation reactions essential to fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Adequate intake for adults is 30 mcg/day.
Pantothenic acid is widely distributed in foods; it is an essential component of coenzyme A. Adults probably require about 5 mg/day. A beneficial role for Pantothenic acid is widely distributed in foods; it is an essential component of coenzyme A. Adults probably require about 5 mg/day. A beneficial role forpantothenic acid supplementation in lipid metabolism, rheumatoid arthritis, or athletic performance remains unproved.
Isolated deficiency of biotin or pantothenic acid virtually never occurs.
(See also Overview of Vitamins.)
