honeypot link
skip to main content
Professional
Consumer
Professional edition active
ENGLISH
Merck Manual
Professional Version
MEDICAL TOPICS
RESOURCES
DRUG INFO
COMMENTARY
PROCEDURES
QUIZZES
ABOUT US
MEDICAL TOPICS
RESOURCES
DRUG INFO
COMMENTARY
PROCEDURES
QUIZZES
Professional
/
Dental Disorders
/
Dental Disorders
Expand all
Collapse all
Approach to the Dental Patient
Introduction to the Dental Patient
Geriatrics Essentials
Dental Anatomy and Development
Teeth
Supporting Tissues
Mouth
Evaluation of the Dental Patient
History
Physical Examination
The face
The teeth
The mouth and oral cavity
The temporomandibular joint
Testing
Systemic Disorders and the Mouth
Dental Care of Patients With Systemic Disorders
Hematologic disorders
Cardiovascular disorders
Cancer
Immunosuppression
Endocrine disorders
Neurologic disorders
Obstructive sleep apnea
Medications
Radiation therapy
Symptoms of Dental and Oral Disorders
Bruxism
Reference
Halitosis
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Other breath odors
Etiology reference
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Sniff test
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Geriatrics Essentials: Halitosis
Key Points
Malocclusion
Etiology
Evaluation
Treatment
Oral Growths
Etiology
Benign oral growths
Premalignant (dysplastic) changes
Oral cancer
Reference
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Reference
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms and signs reference
Diagnosis
Treatment
Stomatitis
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Topical measures
Key Points
Toothache and Infection
Etiology
Complications
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Treatment reference
Geriatrics Essentials: Toothache
Key Points
Xerostomia
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Drugs
Radiation
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Symptom control
Treatment reference
Geriatrics Essentials
Key Points
Common Dental Disorders
Caries
Etiology
Risk factors
Complications
Reference
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Remineralization of teeth
Restoration of teeth
Treatment references
Prevention
Prevention references
Key Points
Pulpitis
Complications
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Dental Appliances
Types of dental appliance
Dental appliances and surgery
Denture problems
Reference
Dental Emergencies
Overview of Dental Emergencies
Dental infections
Analgesia and treatment of dental infections
Prophylactic antibiotics
References
Fractured and Avulsed Teeth
Tooth fracture
Tooth avulsion
References
Key Points
Mandibular Dislocation
Postextraction Problems
Swelling and pain
Bleeding
Postextraction alveolitis (dry socket)
Osteomyelitis
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ)
References
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ)
References
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
How To Do Dental Procedures
How To Do an Emergency Tooth Extraction
Indications
Contraindications
Complications
Equipment
Additional Considerations
Relevant Anatomy
Positioning
Step-by-Step Description of Procedure
Aftercare
Warnings and Common Errors
Tricks and Tips
How To Do an Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
Indications
Contraindications
Complications
Equipment
Additional Considerations
Relevant Anatomy
Positioning
Step-by-Step Description of Procedure
Aftercare
Warnings and Common Errors
Tricks and Tips
How To Do an Infraorbital Nerve Block, Intraoral
Indications
Contraindications
Complications
Equipment
Additional Considerations
Relevant Anatomy
Positioning
Step-by-Step Description of Procedure
Aftercare
Warnings and Common Errors
Tricks and Tips
How To Do a Mental Nerve Block
Indications
Contraindications
Complications
Equipment
Additional Considerations
Relevant Anatomy
Positioning
Step-by-Step Description of Procedure
Aftercare
Warnings and Common Errors
Tricks and Tips
How To Do a Supraperiosteal Infiltration
Indications
Contraindications
Complications
Equipment
Additional Considerations
Relevant Anatomy
Positioning
Step-by-Step Description of Procedure
Aftercare
Warnings and Common Errors
Tricks and Tips
How To Drain a Tooth Abscess
Indications
Contraindications
Complications
Equipment
Additional Considerations
Relevant Anatomy
Positioning
Step-by-Step Description of Procedure
Aftercare
Warnings and Common Errors
Tricks and Tips
How To Reduce a Mandibular Dislocation
Indications
Contraindications
Complications
Equipment
Additional Considerations
Relevant Anatomy
Positioning
Step-by-Step Description of Procedure
Aftercare
Warnings and Common Errors
Tricks and Tips
How To Replace and Splint an Avulsed Tooth
Indications
Contraindications
Complications
Equipment
Additional Considerations
Relevant Anatomy
Positioning
Step-by-Step Description of Procedure
Aftercare
Warnings and Common Errors
Tricks and Tips
Lip and Tongue Disorders
Burning Mouth Syndrome
General reference
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
Lip Ulcers and Inflammation
Lip ulcers and other changes
Cheilitis (lip inflammation)
General reference
Lip Swelling
Tongue Discoloration and Other Changes
Tongue color changes
Tongue surface changes
General reference
Tongue Discomfort
Tongue Trauma
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nonsurgical treatment
Surgical treatment
Periodontal Disorders
Periodontitis
Pathophysiology
Risk Factors
Classification
Necrotizing periodontitis
Periodontitis as a direct manifestation of systemic disease
Periodontitis
Other periodontal conditions
Classification references
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG)
General reference
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Gingival Hyperplasia
General reference
Gingivitis
Etiology
Plaque-induced gingivitis
Non–plaque-induced gingivitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions
Peri-implant mucositis
Peri-implantitis
Peri-implant deficiencies of soft and/or hard tissues
General reference
Temporomandibular Disorders
Overview of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs)
Diagnosis
Ankylosis of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
Infectious arthritis
Traumatic arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Secondary degenerative arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Internal Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Derangement
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Mandibular Condylar Hyperplasia
Diagnosis
Treatment
Mandibular Condylar Hypoplasia
Temporomandibular Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Key Points