Selected Psychiatric Symptoms Due to General Medical Disorders

Psychiatric Symptom

General Medical Disorder*

Confusion, delirium, disorientation

Cerebral arteritis, including that caused by SLE

CNS infection (eg, encephalitis, meningitis, toxoplasmosis)

Complex partial seizures

Dehydration

Drug overdose, including prescription medication overdose

Electrolyte abnormalities

Fever

Hypoglycemia

Hypothermia

Hypoxia

Liver failure

Intracranial mass lesion (eg, tumor, hematoma)

Renal failure

Sepsis

Thyroid disorders (eg, hypothyroidism)

Stroke

Vitamin deficiency

Cognitive impairment, behavioral instability

Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders

Advanced HIV infection

Lyme disease

Intracranial mass lesion (eg, tumor, hematoma)

Multiple sclerosis

Neurosyphilis

Parkinson disease

Subdural hematoma

SLE

Thyroid disorders

Stroke

Vitamin deficiency

Depression

Brain tumor

Cancer treatments, including interferon

Cushing syndrome

Dementia

Huntington disease

Hypothyroidism

Multiple sclerosis

Parkinson disease

SLE

Sleep apnea

Stroke

Traumatic brain injury

Euphoria, mania

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Brain tumor

CNS stimulant use and/or misuse

Cushing syndrome

Dementia

Huntington disease

Hyperthyroidism

Multiple sclerosis

Parkinson disease

Stroke

Traumatic brain injury

Insomnia

Circadian rhythm disorders

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Hyperthyroidism

Pain syndromes

Periodic leg movement disorder or restless legs syndrome

Irritability

Multiple sclerosis

Opioid withdrawal

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Memory impairment

Alcohol abuse

Cerebrovascular disease

Cryptococcosis

Dementia

Advanced HIV infection

Huntington disease

Hypercalcemia

Hypothyroidism

Inhalant use and/or misuse

Multiple sclerosis

Neurosyphilis

Niacin deficiency

Parkinson disease

Prion disease

SLE

Thiamin deficiency

Traumatic brain injury

Personality change

Cerebrovascular disease

Dementia

Epilepsy

Advanced HIV infection

Hyperadrenocorticism

Hypoadrenocorticism

Hypothyroidism

Mass lesion

Multiple sclerosis

SLE

Traumatic brain injury

Psychosis (eg, hallucinations, delusions)

Autoimmune encephalitis

Brain tumor

Cerebrovascular disease

CNS infections

Damage to the optic or vestibulocochlear nerve

Deafness

Dementia

Epilepsy

Disorders of fluid volume or electrolyte abnormalities

Huntington disease

Hyperadrenocorticism

Hypercapnia

Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

Hypoadrenocorticism

Hypoglycemia

Hypoparathyroidism

Hypothyroidism

Hypoxia

Migraine

Multiple sclerosis

SLE

Substance use disorders

Syphilis

* In addition, numerous medications and toxins may cause psychiatric symptoms.

CNS = central nervous system; SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus.