Portopulmonary hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure is elevated in the arteries of the lungs, called the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary hypertension), and in the portal vein (which drains blood from the liver), and no cause for pulmonary hypertension can be found.
Pulmonary hypertension can occur in people with various conditions that lead to portal hypertension, which is most often a complication of cirrhosis of the liver. The combination of pulmonary hypertension and portal hypertension is called portopulmonary hypertension.
People with portopulmonary hypertension develop shortness of breath and fatigue. Chest pain, coughing up blood (hemoptysis), distended (swollen) neck veins, and swollen legs can also occur.
Diagnosis of Portopulmonary Hypertension
Echocardiography and right heart catheterization
Doctors suspect portopulmonary hypertension in people with liver disease and portal hypertension based on the symptoms and findings during a physical examination. Results of the examination and tests, such as electrocardiography (ECG), suggest that the right side of the heart or the right ventricle is enlarged and strained (a condition called cor pulmonale).
To diagnose portopulmonary hypertension, doctors do echocardiography and pass a tube through a vein in an arm or a leg into the right side of the heart (right heart catheterization) to measure the blood pressure in the right ventricle and the main artery of the lungs (pulmonary artery).
Treatment of Portopulmonary Hypertension
Medications to lower blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs
Treatment is needed to lower the blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. Medications that widen (dilate) the blood vessels (vasodilators) are often effective in lowering the blood pressure. However, the severity of the underlying liver disease is a major determinant of outcome. People with portopulmonary hypertension may not be able to undergo liver transplantation because the disorder increases the risk of death or serious complications due to the procedure.
