Silybum marianum
(See also Overview of Dietary Supplements and National Institutes of Health (NIH): Milk thistle.)
Claims
Evidence
Adverse Effects
No serious adverse effects have been reported.
Drug Interactions
References
1. Abenavoli L, Izzo AA, Milic N, et alPhytother Res 32(11):2202-2213, 2018. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6171
2. Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Mohammadi H, et al: The effects of silymarin supplementation on metabolic status and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 41:311-319, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.08.010
3. Ward J, Kapadia K, Brush E, et al: Amatoxin poisoning: case reports and review of current therapies. J Emerg Med 44(1):116-121, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.02.020
4. Rambaldi A, Jacobs BP, Gluud CCochrane Database Syst Rev (4)CD003620, 2007. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003620.pub3
5. Yang Z, Zhuang L, Lu Y, et alBiomed Res Int 941085, 2014. doi: 10.1155/2014/941085
6. Valenzuela A, Aspillaga M, Vial S, et al: Selectivity of silymarin on the increase of the glutathione content in different tissues of the rat. Planta Med 55(5):420-422, 1989. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-962056
7. Xiao F, Gao F, Zhou S, et al: The therapeutic effects of silymarin for patients with glucose/lipid metabolic dysfunction: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 99(40):e22249, 2020. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000022249
8. Wu JW, Lin LC, Tsai TH: Drug-drug interactions of silymarin on the perspective of pharmacokinetics. J Ethnopharmacol 121(2):185-193, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.036
9. Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al: Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS 28(1):4-15, 2017. doi: 10.1177/0956462416671087
More Information
The following English-language resource may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of this resource.